Articles on Python, Django, OpenCV, Cloud and more.https://hakancelik.devhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/building-multi-agent-systems-orchestration-and-parallelismhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/building-multi-agent-systems-orchestration-and-parallelismA single agent hits three walls: context limits, attention drift, and sequential bottlenecks. Multi-agent systems solve all three — the orchestrator decomposes, subagents run in parallel, each with its own clean context.Tue, 28 Apr 2026 14:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/model-context-protocol-the-rest-api-for-ai-toolshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/model-context-protocol-the-rest-api-for-ai-toolsEvery AI integration used to be custom-built. MCP changes that: write a tool once as an MCP server, and every MCP-compatible AI application can use it.Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ai-agents-models-that-use-tools-and-make-decisionshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ai-agents-models-that-use-tools-and-make-decisionsA language model takes a question and returns an answer. An AI agent takes a goal, makes a plan, uses tools, and produces a result. That difference turns AI from a chatbot into a collaborator.Sun, 26 Apr 2026 14:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fine-tuning-when-and-how-to-customize-an-ai-modelhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fine-tuning-when-and-how-to-customize-an-ai-modelFine-tuning isn't always the answer — most of the time it isn't. But when it is, nothing else comes close. Here's when to use it, when RAG is the better call, and why LoRA changed everything.Sun, 26 Apr 2026 12:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/prompt-engineering-how-to-talk-to-ai-modelshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/prompt-engineering-how-to-talk-to-ai-modelsThe same model, the same question, worded differently — completely different results. That's not luck. How you frame your prompt directly determines the output you get.Sun, 26 Apr 2026 10:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/what-is-rag-giving-ai-a-memoryhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/what-is-rag-giving-ai-a-memoryBefore I learned about RAG, I was dumping raw context into AI prompts and getting flooded with false positives. RAG changed everything. And it turns out Cursor and Claude Code use it too — that indexing progress bar isn't just for show.Sun, 26 Apr 2026 08:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/what-is-a-token-how-ai-models-read-text-and-charge-you-for-ithttps://hakancelik.dev/en/what-is-a-token-how-ai-models-read-text-and-charge-you-for-itAI models don't read text word by word or character by character — they read in tokens. Understanding this one concept explains context limits, pricing, and why models 'forget' things mid-conversation.Sun, 26 Apr 2026 06:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/what-you-actually-download-when-you-pull-an-ai-modelhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/what-you-actually-download-when-you-pull-an-ai-modelAI models are compiled binaries. Just like a compiled C program, a trained model is an artifact that stands independent of its source — a ready-to-execute brain specialized for a task. Here's what that really means.Sun, 26 Apr 2026 04:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/understanding-python-classeshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/understanding-python-classesIn Python, everything is an object and every object has a type — including primitives, functions, and classes themselves. type() and __class__ reveal this relationship.Thu, 30 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/run-methods-order-in-pythonhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/run-methods-order-in-pythonWhich method runs when in Python metaclasses? The execution order of __prepare__, __new__, __init__, and __call__ during class definition and instance creation.Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/run-methods-order-in-python-with-more-explanationhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/run-methods-order-in-python-with-more-explanationThe execution order of metaclass methods together with their full argument lists. Follow step by step which values arrive at each method.Thu, 02 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/tenses-in-english-an-overviewhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/tenses-in-english-an-overviewPast simple tense _Used to describe actions or events that happened at a specific point in the past._ Examples; I walked to the store. (Meaning: I traveled to the store on foot in the past.) She calleWed, 01 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/more-accurate-meta-classes-without-typehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/more-accurate-meta-classes-without-typeA more complete metaclass implementation without deriving from type: a two-phase lifecycle managed by __call__, and delegation of __str__ and attribute access to the namespace.Thu, 16 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/prompts-for-learning-english-with-chatgpthttps://hakancelik.dev/en/prompts-for-learning-english-with-chatgptHow do you use ChatGPT to learn English? Ready-to-use prompt examples covering everything from verb tenses and vocabulary to grammar correction and conversation practice.Wed, 15 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/more-accurate-dynamic-class-creationhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/more-accurate-dynamic-class-creationTo see how Python truly processes a class statement: get a namespace with type.__prepare__, execute the body with exec, then build the class with type().Thu, 02 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/models-an-overviewhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/models-an-overviewModal verbs are a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality, which describes the speaker's attitude or feelings about the action or state being expressed in the main verb. Some common mWed, 01 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/metaclasses-in-pythonhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/metaclasses-in-pythonA metaclass is a class whose instances are classes. Just as type produces classes like int or str, a custom metaclass produces its own classes in the same way.Thu, 19 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/serverless-nedirhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/serverless-nedirServerless Computing is also known as FaaS or Function As a Service.Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/meta-classes-without-typehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/meta-classes-without-typeIs it possible to write a metaclass without deriving from type? Yes — but what you end up with is not a real Python class; it is an instance of Meta.Thu, 05 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/custom-image-kullanarak-aws-lambda-uzerine-sam-ile-deployhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/custom-image-kullanarak-aws-lambda-uzerine-sam-ile-deployWhen deploying a serverless application on AWS Lambda using a Docker image, AWS provides a base image to make your work easier.Tue, 27 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/invisible-metaclasses-in-pythonhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/invisible-metaclasses-in-pythonEvery class in Python has a metaclass. If you don't specify one explicitly, type steps in as the default — invisible, but always there.Thu, 22 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/cloud-computinghttps://hakancelik.dev/en/cloud-computingCloud computing is the on-demand delivery of technology resources over the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access technology services such as computing power, storage, and databases on an as-needed basis from a cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS).Tue, 13 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/singleton-in-pythonhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/singleton-in-pythonTwo ways to implement the Singleton pattern with a metaclass in Python — and the critical difference between them: in one, subclasses are separate objects; in the other, they are the same object.Thu, 08 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/aws-lambda-uzerine-serverless-uygulama-deployu-nasil-yapilirhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/aws-lambda-uzerine-serverless-uygulama-deployu-nasil-yapilirThere are many options for deploying a serverless application on AWS Lambda. Here are the ones I know of:Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/register-classes-in-pythonhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/register-classes-in-pythonThree ways to automatically register subclasses: metaclass __new__, __init_subclass__, and class decorator. Which one is more appropriate for which situation?Thu, 24 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/aws-lambda-uzerine-fastapi-uygulamasini-sam-ile-nasil-deploy-edebilirimhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/aws-lambda-uzerine-fastapi-uygulamasini-sam-ile-nasil-deploy-edebilirimIf you wrote your serverless application with FastAPI and want to run it on AWS Lambda, you need to make it compatible with Lambda. The library you need for this is mangum.Tue, 15 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/modeling-a-class-with-a-metaclasshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/modeling-a-class-with-a-metaclassA dataclass-like structure built with a metaclass: automatic __slots__ derived from type annotations and runtime type validation inside __call__.Thu, 10 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/aws-de-serverless-ve-lambdahttps://hakancelik.dev/en/aws-de-serverless-ve-lambdaLambda is a compute service that lets you run code without managing servers.Tue, 01 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/logging-namespacehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/logging-namespaceAutomatically record every assignment in the class body using the metaclass __prepare__ method — discover the power of a customized namespace.Thu, 27 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/define-method-if-condition-truehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/define-method-if-condition-trueThe implementation of the defineif library: a customized namespace via __prepare__ that silently defines or skips methods at class creation time based on a boolean condition.Thu, 13 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/auto-slotshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/auto-slotsAutomatically generate __slots__ from __init__ parameters using a metaclass and co_names.Thu, 29 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/dynamic-class-creationhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/dynamic-class-creationWriting `class Example: ...` and calling `type('Example', (), {...})` produce exactly the same result. Python transforms the class keyword into a type() call behind the scenes.Thu, 15 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/user-modelini-genisletmekhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/user-modelini-genisletmekAs you know, Django comes with a user model that has certain properties — name, last name, email, password, etc. While these fields save the day in most cases, sometimes they're not enough. Depending on the project you're building, users may need to have more properties. That's what we'll achieve by extending the user model.Tue, 16 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozel-yonetim-komutlar-nasl-yaplrhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozel-yonetim-komutlar-nasl-yaplrEveryone uses this part of Django. Even those who have never used Django and are just starting to learn it use this area first — they open a console from the project directory and immediately start a new project to begin coding.Tue, 02 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/login-register-ve-logout-sayfalarinin-yapimihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/login-register-ve-logout-sayfalarinin-yapimiIn this post, instead of writing CSS for the page design, I'll use a front-end framework called Uikit. The code I use here comes from a project called Eatingword that I'm developing to keep my Django skills fresh and learn new things.Tue, 19 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pr-goendermekhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pr-goendermekHow do you make your first contribution to CPython? From finding an issue and forking the repo, to making a fix and opening a PR — a step-by-step walkthrough with a real example.Fri, 15 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/dumpdata-ve-loaddata-kullanmhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/dumpdata-ve-loaddata-kullanmMain source | djangoproject.com/en/2.1/Tue, 05 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/clahttps://hakancelik.dev/en/claBefore contributing to CPython, you need to sign the PSF Contributor Agreement. In this short post, I explain what the CLA is, how to sign it, and how the approval process works, step by step.Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/python-baglayici-temellerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/python-baglayici-temelleriLearn how OpenCV-Python bindings are generated from C++ headers. We cover CV_EXPORTS_W, CV_WRAP, and other macros, plus the gen2.py generator and hdr_parser.py header parser scripts.Thu, 23 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/windows-kurulumhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/windows-kurulumLearn to setup OpenCV-Python in Windows. Covers quick installation from prebuilt binaries and building from source using CMake and Visual Studio.Wed, 22 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/djangoda-sayfalama-paginationhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/djangoda-sayfalama-paginationThe need for pagination arose from the sheer volume of data. If all data were displayed on a single page, the page would load slowly, users would have to wait a long time, the server would be overloaded, and the design would look poor.Tue, 21 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fedora-kurulumhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fedora-kurulumLearn to setup OpenCV-Python in Fedora using pre-built binaries or building from source. Includes CMake configuration, GCC setup, optional dependencies like TBB and Eigen.Tue, 21 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ubuntu-kurulumhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ubuntu-kurulumLearn to setup OpenCV-Python in Ubuntu using two methods: installing from pre-built binaries or compiling from source. Step-by-step guide tested on Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04.Mon, 20 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pip-kurulumhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pip-kurulumThe recommended way for most users to get OpenCV in Python: install from PyPI with pip. Covers virtual environments, platform notes, PyPI package variants, and common troubleshooting.Sun, 19 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/yuz-tespitihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/yuz-tespitiLearn to use Haar Cascade classifiers in OpenCV for face and eye detection. This tutorial covers the theory behind Haar features, integral images, AdaBoost, and cascade classifiers.Sat, 18 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/yuksek-dinamik-aralikhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/yuksek-dinamik-aralikLearn how to generate and display HDR images from an exposure sequence in OpenCV. We cover Debevec, Robertson, and Mertens exposure fusion algorithms with camera response function estimation.Fri, 17 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/resim-tamirhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/resim-tamirLearn how to remove small noises, strokes, and damage from old photographs using OpenCV's cv.inpaint(). We cover the Telea and Navier-Stokes inpainting algorithms.Thu, 16 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntu-gurultu-gidermehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntu-gurultu-gidermeLearn about Non-local Means Denoising algorithm to remove noise from images using OpenCV. We cover cv.fastNlMeansDenoising(), cv.fastNlMeansDenoisingColored(), and multi-frame denoising.Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kmeans-opencvhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kmeans-opencvLearn to use cv.kmeans() function in OpenCV for data clustering. We cover single feature, multi-feature data and color quantization of images using K-Means.Tue, 14 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kmeans-anlamahttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kmeans-anlamaLearn the concepts of K-Means Clustering algorithm. We go through the step-by-step algorithm using a T-shirt size problem to explain how iterative centroid updates work.Mon, 13 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/svm-opencvhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/svm-opencvLearn to use SVM with HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) features for OCR of handwritten digits. This approach achieves ~94% accuracy, better than kNN with raw pixels.Sun, 12 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/svm-anlamahttps://hakancelik.dev/en/svm-anlamaLearn an intuitive understanding of Support Vector Machines (SVM). We cover decision boundaries, support vectors, margin maximization, and kernel trick for non-linearly separable data.Sat, 11 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/knn-opencvhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/knn-opencvLearn to build a basic OCR application using kNN knowledge. We use OpenCV's digits.png dataset to recognize handwritten digits achieving ~91% accuracy.Fri, 10 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/knn-anlamakhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/knn-anlamakLearn the concepts of the k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) algorithm. We cover classification, feature space, weighted kNN, and implement a simple example with OpenCV.Thu, 09 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/stereo-derinlik-haritasihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/stereo-derinlik-haritasiLearn to create a depth map from stereo images. We cover cv.StereoBM.create() for disparity map computation and the parameters for tuning the results.Wed, 08 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/djangoda-clickjack-tuzagnn-engeli-ve-kontrolu-xframeoptionsmiddlewarehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/djangoda-clickjack-tuzagnn-engeli-ve-kontrolu-xframeoptionsmiddlewareIf you need more information about what clickjacking is, how to protect against it, and what precautions to take, you can check out my list titled clickjacking.Tue, 07 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/epipolar-geometrihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/epipolar-geometriLearn the basics of multiview geometry. We cover epipole, epipolar lines, epipolar constraint, Fundamental Matrix and Essential Matrix, with OpenCV code to find and draw epilines.Tue, 07 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/poz-tahminihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/poz-tahminiLearn to exploit the calib3d module to create 3D effects in images. We cover cv.solvePnP() and cv.projectPoints() to draw 3D coordinate axes and a cube on a chessboard.Mon, 06 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kamera-kalibrasyonuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kamera-kalibrasyonuLearn about types of distortion caused by cameras and how to find intrinsic/extrinsic properties. We cover cv.calibrateCamera() and cv.undistort() using a chessboard pattern.Sun, 05 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/arka-plan-cikarmahttps://hakancelik.dev/en/arka-plan-cikarmaLearn background subtraction techniques to detect moving objects in video streams. We cover cv.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2() and KNN-based background subtraction.Sat, 04 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/optik-akishttps://hakancelik.dev/en/optik-akisLearn optical flow using Lucas-Kanade and Farneback methods. We cover cv.calcOpticalFlowPyrLK() for sparse and cv.calcOpticalFlowFarneback() for dense optical flow.Fri, 03 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/meanshift-camshifthttps://hakancelik.dev/en/meanshift-camshiftLearn to use Meanshift and Camshift algorithms for object tracking in video. We cover cv.meanShift() and cv.CamShift() for histogram-based object tracking.Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozellik-eslestirme-homografihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozellik-eslestirme-homografiLearn to combine feature matching and findHomography from the calib3d module to find known objects in complex images. We cover RANSAC-based robust perspective transform estimation.Wed, 01 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozellik-eslestirmehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozellik-eslestirmeLearn how to match features in one image with others. We cover Brute-Force matcher and FLANN Matcher with ORB and SIFT descriptors in OpenCV.Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/orb-algoritmasihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/orb-algoritmasiLearn about ORB, a free alternative to SIFT or SURF. We cover cv.ORB_create() for keypoint detection and descriptor computation using FAST + rBRIEF combination.Mon, 30 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/clickjack-tuzagsaldrs-nedirhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/clickjack-tuzagsaldrs-nedirThis type of attack occurs when a malicious site tricks a user into clicking on a hidden element of another site that has been loaded into a hidden frame or iframe.Sun, 29 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/brief-tanimlayicihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/brief-tanimlayiciLearn the basics of BRIEF algorithm, a fast binary descriptor that uses only 32 bytes compared to SIFT's 128 dimensions, enabling high-speed matching with Hamming distance.Sun, 29 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fast-kose-tespitihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fast-kose-tespitiLearn about FAST (Features from Accelerated Segment Test) algorithm designed for real-time applications. We cover cv.FastFeatureDetector_create() with and without non-maximal suppression.Sat, 28 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/surf-girishttps://hakancelik.dev/en/surf-girisLearn the basics of SURF algorithm, a speeded-up version of SIFT that uses box filters and integral images to achieve 3x speedup while maintaining comparable performance.Fri, 27 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sift-girishttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sift-girisLearn about the concepts of SIFT algorithm. We cover scale-space extrema detection, keypoint localization, orientation assignment, and finding SIFT keypoints with OpenCV.Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/shi-tomasi-kose-tespitihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/shi-tomasi-kose-tespitiLearn about Shi-Tomasi Corner Detector, an improvement over Harris. We cover cv.goodFeaturesToTrack() to find the N strongest corners in an image.Wed, 25 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-sinyalleri-nasl-olusturulur-django-signalshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-sinyalleri-nasl-olusturulur-django-signalsSignals let you intercept an action performed on a model or on requests (request, response) and react accordingly. For example, if you have a user model and want something to happen in your own model whenever a new user registers, you can do that using signals.Tue, 24 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/harris-kose-tespitihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/harris-kose-tespitiLearn about Harris Corner Detection concepts and implementation. We cover cv.cornerHarris() and cv.cornerSubPix() for sub-pixel accuracy corner detection.Tue, 24 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozellikleri-anlamakhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/ozellikleri-anlamakLearn what image features are, why they are important, and why corners are good features. Covers the basics of feature detection and description.Mon, 23 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/watershedhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/watershedLearn to use marker-based image segmentation using watershed algorithm. We cover cv.watershed() with distance transform to segment touching objects.Sun, 22 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/grabcuthttps://hakancelik.dev/en/grabcutLearn to use GrabCut algorithm to extract foreground in images. We cover cv2.grabCut() with both rectangle and mask initialization modes.Sat, 21 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kontur-hiyerarsisihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kontur-hiyerarsisiLearn about the hierarchy of contours, i.e. the parent-child relationship in Contours. We cover RETR_LIST, RETR_EXTERNAL, RETR_CCOMP and RETR_TREE flags with examples.Fri, 20 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/konturlerle-daha-fazla-islevhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/konturlerle-daha-fazla-islevLearn about convexity defects, finding shortest distance from a point to a polygon, and matching different shapes. We cover cv2.convexityDefects(), cv2.pointPolygonTest() and cv2.matchShapes().Thu, 19 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kontur-niteliklerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kontur-nitelikleriLearn to extract frequently used properties of objects like Solidity, Equivalent Diameter, Mask image, Mean Intensity. Also covers extreme points, aspect ratio, and more.Wed, 18 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kontur-ozelliklerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kontur-ozellikleriLearn to find different features of contours like area, perimeter, centroid, bounding box. We cover cv2.moments(), cv2.contourArea(), cv2.minAreaRect() and many more functions.Tue, 17 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/histogram-geri-projeksiyonuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/histogram-geri-projeksiyonuLearn about histogram backprojection for image segmentation and object finding. We cover cv2.calcBackProject() with both NumPy and OpenCV implementations.Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/clickjack-tuzagnn-engellenmesihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/clickjack-tuzagnn-engellenmesiTo configure Apache to send the X-Frame-Options header to all pages, add the following to your site's configuration:Sun, 15 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/2b-histogramlarhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/2b-histogramlarLearn to find and plot 2D histograms. We will use Hue and Saturation values for color histograms with cv2.calcHist() and np.histogram2d().Sun, 15 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/histogram-esitlemehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/histogram-esitlemeLearn the concepts of histogram equalization and use it to improve the contrast of images. We cover cv2.equalizeHist() and CLAHE.Sat, 14 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fourier-donusumuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fourier-donusumuLearn to find the Fourier Transform of images using OpenCV and NumPy. We will see cv2.dft(), cv2.idft() and frequency domain applications.Fri, 13 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/hough-daire-donusumuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/hough-daire-donusumuLearn to use Hough Transform to find circles in an image. We will see cv2.HoughCircles() function with practical examples.Thu, 12 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/hough-dogru-donusumuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/hough-dogru-donusumuLearn to detect lines in an image using Hough Transform. We will see cv2.HoughLines() and cv2.HoughLinesP() functions with examples.Wed, 11 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/resim-esiklemehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/resim-esiklemeIn this article we will learn simple thresholding, adaptive thresholding, and Otsu's thresholding, and we will learn these functions: cv2.threshold, cv2.adaptiveThresholdWed, 11 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-projesinde-birden-fazla-veri-taban-kullanmhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-projesinde-birden-fazla-veri-taban-kullanmWe'll learn how to use multiple databases with Django, how to create applications with Django, how to find the IP addresses of visitors, and how to use 'from django.db.models import F'.Tue, 10 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sablon-eslestirmehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sablon-eslestirmeTemplate Matching is a method for searching and finding the location of a template image in a larger image. Learn cv2.matchTemplate() and cv2.minMaxLoc() with examples.Tue, 10 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/clickjack-tuzagn-engellemenin-yoluhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/clickjack-tuzagn-engellemenin-yoluWhile researching this vulnerability, I found that it can also be blocked with a few lines of JavaScript code — though that approach is not considered reliable.Sun, 01 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/renk-paleti-olarak-parca-cubugu-trackbarhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/renk-paleti-olarak-parca-cubugu-trackbarWe will learn how to bind a Trackbar to OpenCV windows. We will learn these functions: cv2.getTrackbarPos(), cv2.createTrackbar(), etc.Wed, 27 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-nedirhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-nedirDjango is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of Web development, so you can focus on writing your app without needing to reinvent the wheel. It's free and open source.Tue, 26 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/renk-alanlarn-degistirmehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/renk-alanlarn-degistirmeIn this article, we will learn how to convert images from one color space to another, such as BGR to Gray, BGR to HSV, etc. In addition, we will create an application that allows extracting a colored object in a video. We will learn these funWed, 13 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-ile-site-haritas-olusturmahttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-ile-site-haritas-olusturmaA sitemap is an .xml file that allows search engine bots from engines like Google to crawl and index the content on your site faster and more efficiently. It is very important for SEO (search engine optimization) and is present on almost every site.Tue, 12 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/performans-olcum-ve-gelistirme-tekniklerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/performans-olcum-ve-gelistirme-teknikleriHello everyone, in this section we will try to learn how to make the work we do in OpenCV more performant, i.e., faster, etc. As you may already know, when coding with technologies like OpenCVWed, 30 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-admin-actionshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/django-admin-actionsAn admin action is simply the ability to apply a bulk operation to selected objects — such as deleting all selected users. The image below illustrates what we're talking about.Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencvde-cizim-fonksiyonlarhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencvde-cizim-fonksiyonlarWe will learn how to draw different geometric shapes with OpenCV. We will learn these functions: cv2.line(), cv2.circle(), cv2.rectangle(), cv2.ellipse(), cv2.putText(), etc.Wed, 16 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/context-processors-fonksiyonlar-ve-kodlanmashttps://hakancelik.dev/en/context-processors-fonksiyonlar-ve-kodlanmascontext_processors is a list of callable Python paths used to populate the context when a template is rendered. These callables take the request object as an argument and return a dict of items to be merged into the context.Tue, 15 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencv-video-islemlerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencv-video-islemleriWe will learn how to read videos, how to open and save them. We will learn how to record video with the camera and run it in a window. We will learn these functions: cv2.VideoCapture(), cv2.VideoWriter()Wed, 02 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/birden-fazla-veri-taban-kullanm-multi-dbhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/birden-fazla-veri-taban-kullanm-multi-dbTo use multiple databases, we first need to define them in the project's settings.py file. The example below shows a settings.py configuration for a PostgreSQL and a MySQL database — you can use multiple databases of different types.Tue, 01 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencv-resim-islemlerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencv-resim-islemleriThe cv2.imread() function is used to read an image file and takes two arguments.Wed, 16 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencv-nedir-ve-kurulumuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/opencv-nedir-ve-kurulumuHello, in this tutorial series, the aim is to explain everything step by step from the very beginning to the end, following the OpenCV documentation.Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/morfolojik-donusumlerhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/morfolojik-donusumlerWe will learn different morphological operations like Erosion, Dilation, Opening, Closing. We will see different functions like: cv2.erode(), cv2.dilate(), cv2.morphologyEx()Wed, 19 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/konturler-contourshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/konturler-contoursWe will understand what contours are. We will learn to find and draw contours. We will learn these functions: cv2.findContours(), cv2.drawContours()Wed, 05 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/histogramlarhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/histogramlar( Histograms 1: Find, Plot, Analyze ) ### GoalsWed, 22 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntuyu-yumusatma-smoothing-imageshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntuyu-yumusatma-smoothing-imagesBlurring images with various low-pass filters. Applying custom filters to images (2D convolution)Wed, 08 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntunun-geometrik-donusumlerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntunun-geometrik-donusumleriWe will learn how to apply different geometric transformations to images such as translation, rotation and affine transformation. We will learn this function: cv2.getPerspectiveTransformWed, 24 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntulerle-ilgili-temel-islemlerhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntulerle-ilgili-temel-islemlerAccessing and modifying pixel values, Accessing image properties, Setting the Image Region (area) (ROI), Splitting and Merging ImagesWed, 10 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/tipler-ve-donusumleri-class-typehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/tipler-ve-donusumleri-class-typeFirst let us recall which data types exist in Python, then learn how to convert between them using type conversion functions.Tue, 02 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntulerde-aritmetik-islemlerhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntulerde-aritmetik-islemlerWe will learn several arithmetic operations on images, such as addition, subtraction, and bitwise operations. You will learn these functions: cv2.add(), cv2.addWeighted(), etc.Wed, 27 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/str-nesnesinin-methodlar-ve-method-operasyonlar-method-method-wrapperhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/str-nesnesinin-methodlar-ve-method-operasyonlar-method-method-wrapperMethod Operations = Method Wrapper. An in-depth look at str object methods and method-wrappers in Python.Tue, 19 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntu-piramitlerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntu-piramitleriWe will learn about image pyramids. We will use image pyramids to create a new fruit, 'Orapple', and we will see these functions: cv2.pyrUp(), cv2.pyrDown()Wed, 13 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pythonda-hata-yonetimihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pythonda-hata-yonetimiIn the topics covered so far we never talked about errors, how to catch them, or how to continue execution based on the error encountered. This is an important topic and you will learn it here.Tue, 05 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntu-gecislerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/goruntu-gecisleriImage gradients and edge finding with these functions: cv2.Sobel(), cv2.Scharr(), cv2.Laplacian(), etc.Wed, 29 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pythonda-dongulerhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pythonda-dongulerThe while loop is a loop that runs based on a condition. Just like if, elif, or else, the only thing a while loop cares about is whether the given condition is true. If it is, the loop keeps running; if not, it stops.Tue, 21 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/canny-kenar-alglamahttps://hakancelik.dev/en/canny-kenar-alglamaThe concept of Canny edge detection. OpenCV function for this operation: cv2.Canny()Wed, 15 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pythona-giris-anaconda-atom-ve-pip-kurulumuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/pythona-giris-anaconda-atom-ve-pip-kurulumuYou don't need to perform the installation at the very end right now.Tue, 07 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/boya-frcas-olarak-farehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/boya-frcas-olarak-fareWe will learn how to handle mouse events in OpenCV. We will learn this function: cv2.setMouseCallback()Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/python-nedirhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/python-nedirPython is a general-purpose programming language that prioritises readability, and with its extensive standard library it is a preferred choice for both beginners and experienced developers alike.Tue, 24 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kutuphane-modul-ve-paketlerhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kutuphane-modul-ve-paketlerpip is a package manager for Python.Tue, 10 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/insertadjacenthtmlhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/insertadjacenthtmlThe insertAdjacentHTML() method of the Element interface parses the specified text as HTML or XML and inserts the resulting nodes into the DOM tree at a specified position. It does not re-parse the elemSun, 01 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/islecler-ve-print-fonksiyonuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/islecler-ve-print-fonksiyonuOperators (*, /, -, +, %) and the print() function (the function that lets us write to the screen).Tue, 27 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/instagram-botuhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/instagram-botuWe will reinforce the class structure by building an Instagram bot, learn the @staticmethod decorator, and build a neat bot using the requests library.Tue, 13 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/input-fonksiyonu-ozellikleri-ve-detayl-incelemehttps://hakancelik.dev/en/input-fonksiyonu-ozellikleri-ve-detayl-incelemeIn my previous content I introduced Python functions and covered useful ones like type() and print(). Now we will look at the input() function, which lets us receive data (input) from users.Tue, 29 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/if-elif-ve-else-kosul-durumlarhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/if-elif-ve-else-kosul-durumlarTo understand this topic you need to know the Comparison Operators from the operators article I wrote. Feel free to review that article and then come back to this one.Tue, 15 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fonksiyonlara-giris-type-fonksiyonu-degiskenler-ve-turleri-yorum-satrhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/fonksiyonlara-giris-type-fonksiyonu-degiskenler-ve-turleri-yorum-satrFunctions in programming languages are the same as the functions we know from mathematics. In fact, when you look at it broadly, mathematics and programming are essentially the same thing — a computer is itself a product of mathematics.Tue, 01 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sass-ve-scss-nedir-syntactically-awesome-stylesheetshttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sass-ve-scss-nedir-syntactically-awesome-stylesheetsSyntactically awesome stylesheetsThu, 27 May 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sass-scss-dersleri-sass-watch-degiskenler-nesting-import-mixin-include-ve-operatorlerhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sass-scss-dersleri-sass-watch-degiskenler-nesting-import-mixin-include-ve-operatorlerHello everyone. In my Sass series, I'll be continuing with the Scss structure instead of Sass, as I think it is more similar to CSS and easier to learn quickly.Thu, 13 May 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sass-kurulumu-linux-windows-ve-machttps://hakancelik.dev/en/sass-kurulumu-linux-windows-ve-macFor more detailed installation info: http://sass-lang.com/installThu, 29 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kosullu-durumlar-ve-donguler-if-else-if-else-for-while-eachhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/kosullu-durumlar-ve-donguler-if-else-if-else-for-while-eachHello everyone. As you know, when I started the coogger project I also started a new CSS framework called coogger.css. While developing this framework, I use Sass, and over the past week I've been trying to add new features and improve existing ones.Thu, 15 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/baz-sk-kullandgm-sassscss-mixinslerihttps://hakancelik.dev/en/baz-sk-kullandgm-sassscss-mixinsleriFirst, I want to start with my favorite Sass mixin — it makes the Sass/CSS code I write compatible with all browsers and lets me follow the principle of write once, run in all browsers.Thu, 01 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/git-nedir-kurulumu-ve-ozgur-yazlmhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/git-nedir-kurulumu-ve-ozgur-yazlmGit is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.Sun, 15 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hakancelik.dev/en/git-komutlarhttps://hakancelik.dev/en/git-komutlarWe installed Git and configured our settings — now it's time to learn Git commands.Sun, 01 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT